Modeling and Simulation

Numerical simulations are useful to provide information about phenomena that cannot be simulated in laboratory experiments. While digital models are increasingly used to assist in decision-making, scientists in all disciplines also rely on them to understand the evolution of complex phenomena, in particular by relying on data.

The virtuous circle [modeling - simulation/prediction - optimization - control] is based on the models of the phenomenon under study. Models for real-world systems have been gradually refined, taking into account more diverse variables and more interactions or dependencies between different components or subsystems.

Analogously, artificial systems are becoming increasingly complex, involving a growing number of elements, for example, sensor networks, the Web and the Internet of Things, and electricity grids.